摘 要：杨木作为一种易于生长、快速成材的木材，多年来在家具中应用广泛。在现如今树木资源日益短缺的背景下，杨木在家具中的重要性逐渐提升，使用率也越来越高。除了通过改性、再加工等方式扩大杨木的适用范围外，还积极引进国外合适优异的木材，来有效缓解国内树木资源短缺的现状。本文主要研究对象是加拿大杨木（Canadian Aspen），对其物理力学性能进行测试，其中包括木材的密度、含水率、湿胀性、干缩性、吸水性的测定，以及对木材顺纹抗压强度、抗弯强度、冲击韧性、硬度等的试验。试验将按照木材物理力学性能标准来制备试件和设计试验流程，通过对试验数据的分析整合，将试验结果得出的数据与国内杨木的物理性能数据进行对比分析，判断加拿大杨木是否可以作为国内杨木的一种替代材或新材料用于家具的生产制造中，同时也给相关的实验者和企业家提供参考。

关键词：加拿大杨木Aspen；物理力学性能；客观测试；对比分析

Performance Test and Analysis of Canadian Aspen

Abstract：Poplar, as a kind of wood that is easy to grow and quickly become wood, has been widely used in furniture for many years. Under the background of increasing shortage of tree resources nowadays, the importance of poplar in furniture is gradually promoted and the utilization rate is also increasingly high. In addition to expanding the application scope of poplar wood by means of modification and reprocessing, it also actively introduces suitable and excellent wood from abroad to effectively alleviate the shortage of domestic tree resources. This paper mainly tests the physical and mechanical properties of Canadian poplar（Canadian Aspen）, including the determination of wood density, moisture content, moisture expansion, dry shrinkage and water absorption, as well as the test of compressive strength, bending strength, impact toughness and hardness along the grain of wood. Experiment will according to the physical and mechanical properties of wood standards to the preparation of specimens and design the experimental process, through the analysis of experimental data integration, data with the experimental results show the domestic cypress wood physical properties data, this paper compares and analyzes whether Canada cypress wood can be used as a domestic have a kind of alternative materials or new materials used in furniture manufacturing, but also provide reference to related subjects and entrepreneurs.

Key words：Canadian aspen, Physical mechanical properties, Objective experiments, Analysis and comparison

1 研究的目的及意义

木质家具一直以来都是国内家具生产制造的主流，这不仅与历史地域发展有关，也源于国人对木的独特喜爱。木质家具制造行业的不断扩张，也带动了原材料的需求增长。但是随着资源的日趋枯竭，可用材的来源和周期开始供不应求，为此国内外都在致力于开发速生材或者寻求新的材料，来保证日常生产所需。

杨树作为世界三大速生树种之一，能够快速成材，并且拥有适应性强，产量高，轮伐周期短等多种优良性能，具有巨大的经济效益，因此杨木人工林在世界范围内的栽培和应用也一直没有停下脚步。

本文主要是对加拿大杨木Aspen这种木材的物理力学性能的试验测试，来得到其相关的力学性能数据，通过对试验所得数据的分析，直观地比较该木材与国内杨木的性能的相同与不同点，由此判断该木材的可使用性，该种木材属于美洲山杨的一种，如果能够作为国内的杨木替代材料，那么就可以作为一种可用材料进行引进，继而投入生产。同时也可以为相关试验者和企业家提供参考，便于杨木发展和利用的进一步深入。