脲醛树脂包覆变色粉微胶囊的制备及对木器表面水性涂层性能影响

摘要

微胶囊由于优良的性能而受到研究者的广泛关注，常用的制备方法有界面聚合法和原位聚合法等。其中原位聚合法是一种重要的微胶囊制备方法，具有成本低、适合工业化生产等优点。由于微胶囊技术在改变材料状态以提高其使用性能、保护隔离特殊功能材料以及控制芯材释放等方面具有显著作用，因而在建筑节能、医药卫生、军事伪装等领域得到了普遍使用。

本次实验，主要是制备脲醛树脂包覆的变色粉微胶囊以及利用其特性修复木器表面裂纹涂层性能的研究。研究木材表面修复的现状及现今研究成果。

Microcapsules have attracted considerable attention because of its excellent properties. Interfacial polymerization and in-situ polymerization methods are widely used for the preparation of microcapsules. In-situ polymerization is one of the most important methods to prepare microcapsules with the advantages of low cost and suitable for industrial production. Microcapsule technology has been widely used in building energy conservation, medical and health, military camouflage, etc. due to its significant role in changing the state of materials to improve its performance, protecting and isolating special functional materials, and controlling the release of core materials.

In this experiment, the main research is to prepare a urea-formaldehyde resin-coated color-changing powder microcapsule and to study the properties of the surface crack coating of wood by using its characteristics. Study the current status of wood surface restoration and current research results.

1. 研究背景

1.1脲醛树脂

1.1.1物理性能

脲醛树脂又称脲甲醛树脂。英文缩写UF，是尿素与甲醛在催化剂(碱性或酸性催化剂)作用下,缩聚成初期脲醛树脂,然后再在固化剂或助剂作用下,形成不溶、不熔的末期热固性树脂^[1-5]。固化后的脲醛树脂颜色比酚醛树脂浅，呈半透明状，耐弱酸、弱碱，绝缘性能好，耐磨性极佳，价格便宜，它是胶粘剂中用量最大的品种。特别是在木材加工业各种人造板的制造中,脲醛树脂及其改性产品占胶粘剂总用量的90%左右。然而，遇强酸、强碱易分解，耐候性较差，初粘差、收缩大、脆性大、不耐水、易老化，用脲醛树脂生产的人造板在制造和使用过程中存在着甲醛释放的问题，因此必须对其进行改性^[6-8]。