无人机航空喷雾立体风场测试装置设计

摘要: 旋翼植保无人机近年发展迅速，已出现大量施药作业的相关研究成果。无人机喷雾是指利用单旋翼和多旋翼无人机载药，对受病虫害影响的作物进行化学防治。目前关于无人机喷雾的研究，主要集中在无人机控制装置，防漂移药剂，喷雾效果的地面检测上，对于无人机风场立体分布研究较少。针对旋翼风场对无人机喷雾的影响及意义，国内外研究现状，综述了适用于无人机的立体风场测量系统的方法。通过设计无人机航空喷雾立体风场测试装置，测出无人机旋翼下方的不同空间位置的气流场分布情况，并根据测量的数据进一步分析并找出无人机下喷雾喷头的最优安装位置。

关键词：无人机；喷雾；风场

Design of UAV Air Spray Stereo Wind Field Test Equipment

Abstract:Rotor plant protection drones have developed rapidly in recent years, and relevant research results of a large number of drug application operations have emerged.Spray refers to the chemical control of crops affected by pests and diseases by using single-rotor and multi-rotor drones.At present, the research on drone spray is mainly focused on the drone control device, anti-drift agent, ground detection of spray effect, and less research on the three-dimensional distribution of drone wind field.Aiming at the influence and significance of rotor wind field on UAV spray, the research status at home and abroad, the method of stereo wind field measurement system for UAV is reviewed.By designing the UAV airborne spray wind field test device, the airflow field distribution at different spatial positions under the UAV rotor is measured.Based on the measured data, further analysis and finding the optimal installation position of the spray nozzle under the drone.

Keywords: Unmanned aerial vehicle；spray；wind field

1 课题研究的目的和意义

1.1无人机植保

植保无人机是用于农林作物保护的无人驾驶飞机，无人机作为一种新型植保机械，搭载全球定位系统（GPS)和地理信息系统(GIS)或者直接进行人工遥控，可实现精准化作业，省水省药，能省大量劳动力，受地理条件限制较少，也大大提高了安全性，其灵活性恰好与我国作物种植面积碎块化的国情相适应，此外还具有成本低，效率高等优点，发展前景备受关注^[1]。农业是一个国家重要的组成部分，农业航空技术也是国家农业生产的重要组成部分，世界对无人植保无人机的应用将在农业生产中比重不断扩大。

1.2风场对无人机喷雾的影响

近年来，中国植保无人机发展迅速^[2],且植保无人机农药喷洒作业的使用量日益增长，应用的农作物范围也越来越广，尤其在地面喷杆喷雾机难以进地作业地区具有广阔发展应用前景^[3]。飞防作业中，主要问题为农药雾滴飘移与蒸发^[4]。影响无人机喷雾雾滴因素很多，