自走式割灌机的总体设计文献综述

摘要

在分析和研究国内外割灌机以及灌木生长特性的基础上，结合人力背负式和重型行走式，优化设计了一种适应我国大部分地区的轻型自走式割灌机，为我国灌木资源的有效利用提供技术支持。自走式割灌机主要有行走部分、割灌部分、驾驶台控制、传动机构及排障机构组成。本设计采用四个圆盘作为工作头，减速器降速将运动传至排障机构，采用汽油机作为动力源，行走装置采用履带式。结合CAD/CAM技术和现代设计理论和方法,进行计算机辅助设计，软件建模和运动仿真，有限元分析，从而实现对自走式割灌机的整体优化设计，保证使其结构紧凑，总体结构小，低消耗，满足园艺，小型营林需求。除此之外，对各个部件进行优化设计，使机械的各个零件静载荷和疲劳载荷及寿命要求，对于零件组成的机构能够正常运转，有较高的稳定性。

关键词：自走式割灌机；传动机构；工作头；优化设计

Abstract

Based on the analysis and study of the growth characteristics of shrubs and shrubs at home and abroad, a light self-propelled shrub cutter suitable for most areas of China was optimized by combining the manpower-carrying and heavy-duty walking modes, which provided technical support for the effective utilization of shrub resources in China. Self-propelled irrigation cutter mainly consists of walking part, cutting and irrigation part, bridge control, transmission mechanism and obstacle removal mechanism. Combined with CAD/CAM technology and modern design theory and method, computer-aided design, software modeling and motion simulation, finite element analysis is carried out to realize the overall optimization design of walking irrigation cutter. It is guaranteed to be compact, with a small overall structure and low consumption, meeting the needs of gardening and small forest management. In addition, the optimized design of each component enables the static load and fatigue load and life requirements of each part of the machine to operate normally and have high stability.

Key words：Self-propelled-brush；Work head；Transmission mechanism；optimal design

1. 课题研究目的和意义

随着国家对环保意识和绿色生态的进一步加强，尤其是西北地区的风沙侵蚀和1998年长江等流域的特大洪水，使人们明白了营林的重要性^[1]。灌木林作为一种重要的森林资源，在防风固沙等生态环境保护方面有着难以替代的作用。割灌机是园林机械的一种，目前被广泛应用于林地除草、果园修枝等农业生产中^[2]，除此之外，割灌机在我国沙地灌木资源也十分丰富集中西北部有广泛的用途。国内外生产的小型割灌机主要以背负式、侧挂式割灌机为主，具有适用范围广泛、灵活方便及成本较低等特点，受到了广大用户的青睐。但是，这类产品还具有自动化程度低、工人劳动强度大、生产效率较低、危险性较高等缺点，因此设计生产一种自走式割灌机便孕育而生。随着社会的发展，人工作业势必将成为过去，机械化作业将成为主流方式自走式割灌机适合不仅大幅度提高生产率的同时也大大降低了工人的劳动强^[3]。自走式割灌机有以下几个主要方面的应用；