摘 要

生物炭是生物有机材料在缺氧或绝氧环境中，经高温热裂解后生成的固态产物；既可作为高品质能源、土壤改良剂，也可作为还原剂、肥料缓释载体及二氧化碳封存剂等，已广泛应用于固碳减排、水源净化、重金属吸附和土壤改良等。但其存在使用寿命短、不易回收及粉尘污染严重等问题，限制了它的应用范围及领域，所以我们要改善炭的性能来满足人们的需求。出于对环保和节约资源考虑，我们可以对一些农作物剩余物进行一些利用。

关键词：生物碳 改性 农作物剩余物

Abstract

Biochar is a solid product produced by high temperature thermal cracking in an anoxic or anaerobic environment.It can be used as high-quality energy and soil improvement agent, but also as reducing agent, fertilizer release carrier slowly and carbon dioxide sequestration agent. It has been widely applied to carbon sequestration reduction, water purification, heavy metal adsorption and soil improvement.

However, there are problems in its short life, hard recovery and serious dust pollution. And it limit its scope of application and field. Therefore, we need to improve the performance of carbon to meet people#39;s needs. In view of environmental protection and conservation of resources, we can make some use of some crop residues.

Key word：biochor，modified，crop residue

一：前言

我国是一个农业大国，农副产品十分丰富。据统计，我国农作物秸秆总产量超过7亿吨，其中稻草类2.3亿吨，小麦秸秆1.2亿吨，玉米秸秆2.2亿吨，其他农作物2亿吨。但秸秆的利用率却很低，仅占5%左右。为加快推进秸秆的综合利用，实现秸秆的资源化、商品化，促进资源节约、环境保护和农民增收，国务院办公厅发出“关于加快推进农作物秸秆综合利用的意见”，其主要目标是秸秆资源得到综合利用，解决由于秸秆废弃和违规焚烧带来的资源浪费和环境污染问题。利用秸秆制备活性炭，既可节约资源，又可以制备出需求量大的活性炭。