污水处理厂工程设计工艺比选

摘要：污水处理所采用的工艺技术是污水处理厂的核心部分，与进水水质、出水要求、处理量、投资大小等因素密切相关。由于城市污水的主要污染物是有机物，因此国内外大多采用生物处理技术处理城市污水。生物处理技术又可分为活性污泥法和生物膜法两大类。其中，由于生物膜法的处理效率不高，卫生条件较差，我国只有少数几座生物膜法城市污水处理厂。而活性污泥法城市污水处理厂占绝大多数，其中，使用最广泛的主要有四种类型：传统活性污泥工艺和其改进型A／O工艺、A²／O工艺；序批式活性污泥工艺系统（SBR工艺系统）及其改进工艺；氧化沟活性污泥工艺系统（OD工艺系统）及其改进工艺；吸附-生物降解活性污泥工艺系统（A-B工艺系统）。本文将简要阐述上述生物处理技术。

关键词：污水处理 生物处理技术 活性污泥法 生物膜法

Comparison and Selection of Engineering Design of Sewage Treatment Plant

Abstract: Sewage treatment technology is the core part of sewage treatment plant, and is closely related to influent water quality, effluent requirements, treatment volume and investment size. As the main pollutants in urban sewage are organic matter, biological treatment technology is often used to the treatment of urban sewage at home and abroad. Biological treatment technology can be divided into two major categories: activated sludge process and biofilm method. Because of the poor treatment efficiency and poor sanitary conditions, there are only a few municipal wastewater treatment plants which use biofilm method in China. The sewage treatment plants of activated sludge process accounted for the majority, among them, there are four main types which used widely: the traditional activated sludge process and the improved A / O process, A² / O process; sequencing batch activated sludge process (SBR process) system and its improved process; oxidation ditch activated sludge process system (OD system) and its improved technology; adsorption biodegradation process of activated sludge system (A-B system). This article will briefly describe the biological treatment technology mentioned above.

Key words: sewage disposal, biological treatment technology, activated sludge process, biofilm method

1.城市污水处理工艺技术现状及发展

1.1工艺技术现状

随着社会经济的发展，我国的水环境污染的问题越来越突出。建设大型污水处理厂可以有效解决水环境污染的问题。为了对水污染的现况进行改善，生活与投资环境得到优化，各地区纷纷建设了不同工艺类型和处理规模的污水处理厂^[1]。按照相关的调查以及相关的数据资料显示，目前，我国城市污水处理厂主要采用传统活性污泥法，A/0工艺和A²0工艺，氧化沟工艺，SBR及其改良工艺^[2-6]。污水处理工艺技术由过去的只注重去除有机物发展为具有脱氮除磷功能。