Human gaze control during real-world scene perception

人类在真实世界场景感知期间的注视控制

In human vision, acuity and color sensitivity are best at the point of fixation, and the visual-cognitive system exploits this fact by actively controlling gaze to direct fixation towards important and informative scene regions in real time as needed. How gaze control operates over complex real-world scenes has recently become of central concern in several core cognitive science disciplines including cognitive psychology, visual neuroscience, and machine vision. This article reviews current approaches and empirical findings in human gaze control during real-world scene perception.

在人类视觉中，敏锐度和色彩敏感度在固定点是最好的，而视觉认知系统通过主动控制凝视来根据需要实时地将重点信息引导到重要和信息的场景区域，从而利用这一事实。最近，在复杂的现实世界场景中，注视控制如何运作，已成为包括认知心理学，视觉神经科学和机器视觉在内的几个核心认知科学学科的核心问题。本文回顾了现实世界场景感知过程中人眼注视控制的现有方法和实证研究。

During human scene perception, high quality visual information is acquired only from a limited spatial region surrounding the center of gaze (the fovea). Visual quality falls off rapidly and continuously from the center of gaze into a low-resolution visual surround. We move our eyes about three times each second via rapid eye movements (saccades) to reorient the fovea through the scene. Pattern information is only acquired during periods of relative gaze stability (fixations) owing to lsquo;saccadic suppressionrsquo; during the saccades themselves. Gaze control is the process of directing fixation througha scene in real time in the service of ongoing perceptual, cognitive and behavioral activity (Figure 1).

在人眼感知中，仅从注视中心周围的有限空间区域（中央凹）获取高质量的视觉信息。视觉质量从注视中心快速连续地下降到低分辨率视觉环绕。我们通过快速的眼球运动（扫视）每秒钟移动眼睛三次，重新定位整个场景的中央凹。模式信息只是在相对注视稳定期（固定）期间由于扫视期间的“扫视抑制”而获得。 凝视控制是指通过场景的实时引导，为正在进行的知觉，认知和行为活动服务的过程（图1）。

图1.在视觉搜索过程中，一位观众的扫描模式。 观众正在计算场景中的人数。 圆圈表示固定（缩放到其持续时间，以毫秒显示），线条代表扫视。 该图表明即使对于单个观察者检查单个场景，固定持续时间也是可变的。

There are at least three reasons why gaze control is an important topic in scene perception. First, vision is an active process in which the viewer seeks out task-relevant visual information. In fact, virtually all animals with developed visual systems actively control their gaze using eye, head, and/or body movements. Active vision ensures that high quality visual information is available when it is needed, and also simplifies a variety of otherwise difficult computational problems. A complete theory of vision and visual cognition requires understanding how ongoing visual and cognitive processes control the orientation of the eyes in real time, and in turn how vision and cognition are affected by gaze direction over time.

注视控制是场景感知中的一个重要话题至少有三个原因。首先，视觉是一个积极的过程，观众寻找任务相关的视觉信息。实际上，几乎所有具有发达的视觉系统的动物都会利用眼睛，头部和/或身体动作主动控制他们的视线。主动视觉确保在需要时提供高质量的视觉信息，并简化各种难度较大的计算问题。一个完整的视觉和视觉认知理论需要了解持续的视觉和认知过程如何实时控制眼睛的方向，以及随着时间的推移视觉和认知如何受视线方向的影响。