淀粉塑料的研究进展

摘要

塑料制品广泛应用于人们生产和生活，塑料以其质轻、防水、耐腐蚀、强度大等优良的性能受到人们的青睐。然而，大量废弃的塑料制品因为其不可降解性而带来了“白色污染”的困扰。70年代以来，人们开始了对可降解塑料的研究开发。淀粉作为一种天然高分子化合物，来源广泛，品种繁多，成本低廉，且能在各种自然环境下完全降解，最终分解为CO₂和H₂O，不会对环境造成任何污染，因而淀粉基降解塑料是国内外研究开发最多的一类生物可降解塑料。

淀粉基降解塑料主要有填充型、光／生物双降解型、共混型和全淀粉塑料四大类。

纤维素广泛存在于自然界中，是植物通过光合作用合成的天然髙分子材料。微晶纤维素(MCC)是天然纤维素经稀酸水解去除非晶区后得到的高度结晶的产物。与传统填料白炭黑和炭黑相比,MCC作为一种补强填料价格低、密度小、易获得、对加工机械磨损小、可回收利用和可生物降解。

关键词：淀粉塑料 分类 发展 研究 纳米级二氧化硅 微晶纤维素

Development and experimental design of starch plastics

ABSTARCT

Plastic products are widely used in people#39;s production and life, and plastic is favored by people for its excellent properties such as light weight, waterproof, corrosion resistance and great strength. However, a large number of discarded plastic products have caused 'white pollution' due to its non-degradability. Since the 1970s, research and development of degradable plastics has been developed. Starch as a natural macromolecular compounds, sources, wide variety, low cost, and can completely under various natural environmental degradation, in the end is decomposed into CO2 and H2O, won#39;t cause any pollution to the environment, thus starch based biodegradable plastics is most research and development of biodegradable plastics at home and abroad. There are four main types of starch - based degradable plastics, including filling type, light/biodegradable type, blend type and whole starch plastic.