淀粉塑料的研究进展

摘要：塑料是应用最广泛的材料，随着塑料的广泛使用，石油基塑料的不可再生和难生物降解等特性带来的越来越严重的环境污染使人们意识到开发可降解塑料的重要性。为了缓解不可降解的石油基塑料带来的资源短缺和环境问题，研究开发友好型生物降解塑料成为近年来的研究热点。淀粉具有来源广泛,价格低廉,易生物降解等优点,在生物降解塑料领域中具有重要的地位，通过对淀粉塑料的研究，可以有效缓解资源匮乏问题和环境污染问题，有助于实现可持续发展。

关键词：淀粉塑料；改性；研究；前景

Research Development of Starch Plastics

ABSTRACT Plastic is the most frequently used material in the whole world. However, following with the extensive use of plastic, the environmental pollution is getting more serious d.In this advanced society, the importance of biodegradable plastic has been realized due to non renewable petroleum based plastics and biodegradable characteristics. In order to alleviate the shortage of resources and environmental problems of non biodegradable petroleum based plastics brings the research friendly biodegradable plastics has become a research hot spot in recent years,Starch has wide source, low price, easy degradation and other advantages, so it has an important position in the field of biodegradable plastics.Through this kind of research can not only ease the problem of resources, but also can solve the problem of environmental pollution .It is extensive use of human beings to realize mankind sustainable development.

Key words starch plastic, modification, research,prospect

1.淀粉塑料概述

淀粉在自然界中分布很广，是高等植物中常见的组分，是碳水化合物储存的主要形式。淀粉原料由于其来源广泛，种类多，产量丰富且价格低廉的特点，在研究和开发领域具有极高的价值[^[1]]。目前，由于大量使用石油基塑料而产生的“白色污染”愈演愈烈，人们逐渐开始认识到开发可降解塑料的重要性。以淀粉通过物理改性和化学改性后得到的改性淀粉为主要成分，构成了生物降解塑料的第一大类，我们习惯性地把这类含有淀粉的生物降解塑料成为淀粉塑料[^[2]]。

2.淀粉塑料的分类