现代穿斗式木构建筑设计

摘要：穿斗式是中国古代建筑木构架的一种形式，这种构架以柱直接承檩，没有梁，原作穿兜架，后简化为“穿逗架”和“穿斗架”。本文拟取址南京，结合南京十代故都的历史背景和现代高度国际化的现状。从穿斗式木结构的材料、功能、造型及细部装饰等入手，设计俩座与南京城市风格相呼应的现代穿斗式木构建筑。本文介绍了穿斗式木结构建筑的发展历程，南京的历史环境，国内外相关研究概况，并且提出了设计的目的意义以及特色与创新。旨在设计出具有特色的国内穿斗式现代木构建筑，以达到既可突破传统、标新立异又可做到易实施的目的。

关键词：穿斗式；木结构；现代

Design of bucket style modern wooden architecture

Abstract：Bucket style is a form of ancient architecture Chinese, this kind of frame column to direct bearing purlin, no beam, the original wear bag rack, after simplified to lsquo;wear funny framersquo; and lsquo;Chuandou framersquo;. This paper intends to address in Nanjing, combining with the current situation of ten generations of Nanjing ancient capital of the historical background and modern highly international. Starting from the material, function, modeling and detail decoration of the bucket wood structure, we design two modern wooden wooden buildings which are echoed with Nanjing#39;s urban style. This paper introduces the development process of the wooden structure building with crossing bucket, the historical environment of Nanjing, the related research profiles both at home and abroad, and puts forward the purpose, significance, characteristics and innovation of the design. The purpose of this paper is to design a modern wooden frame building with special features in China, so as to achieve the purpose of breaking through the traditional, the new and the easy to implement.

Key words: bucket style，Wood structure，Modern

1 课题提出的背景

木结构建筑在我国有悠久的建造历史，是我国古代建筑的主要结构类型。中国古代木结构体系主要分为抬梁式、穿斗式和井干式三种。许多宫殿、寺庙和住宅都采用木材制作梁、架、檩、柱、斗拱、雀替等构件，连接方式多采用中国古建筑中特有的隼卯连接^[3]。其灵活的风格、合理的布局、事宜的建筑体量以及精巧的装修在世界享有盛誉，是五大最古老的的建筑体系之一。

穿斗式构架的特点是沿房屋的进深方向按檩数立一排柱，每柱上架一檩，檩上布椽，屋面荷载直接由檩传至柱，不用梁。每排柱子靠穿透柱身的穿枋横向贯穿起来，成一榀构架。每两榀构架之间使用斗枋和纤子连接起来，形成一间房间的空间构架。斗枋用在檐柱柱头之间，形如抬梁构架中的阑额；纤子用在内柱之间。斗枋、纤子往往兼作房屋阁楼的龙骨。