采茶机的设计

摘要

中国有很长的饮茶历史，对于茶叶的种植、采摘与加工也是历史悠久。随着生活品质的提高，对于茶叶品质也有了很高的要求，而茶叶采摘是提高茶叶质量很重要的一步。为了解决手工采茶费时、因茶园种植特殊等问题而导致采茶机械难以进入茶园作业、缓解农村劳动力缺失等问题，保证茶经济效益，近数十年来对茶叶生产机械进行了多次研究开发。50年代^[1]，有人参考日本采茶剪作试验，用大剪刀采茶，质量差而不能应用。在50年代末到60年代初这段时间，我们开始研究采茶机，提出了三类机型：大、中、小，前期我们在工作原理和设计方案上还超过了日、苏两国。之后却因为各种原因延误了时间。在七十年代末，我们在制造往复式切割机上做了一些与之相关的配套工作。目前已经有了好几家采茶机厂其中还有两家式合资企业，我们不得不将机采推动茶园生产的工作提上日程。

在查阅了大量相关文献、前人研究和国家相关设计标准的基础上，确定了整机的设计方案和设计依据，其次对所设计的采茶机进行运动分析^[2]，得到了采茶机割刀的运动方程、刀机速度比等重要参数，然后对采茶机进行振动分析和切割机的稳态响应，针对往复式切割器存在较大惯性力的问题展开了一系列的减震措施，有效保证了采茶机在工作过程中的采摘效果，延长了切割器的使用寿命。

关键词：茶园；采茶机；往复式切割；机构设计；减震机构；

ABSTRACT

China has a long history of drinking tea and has a long history of tea cultivation, picking and processing. With the improvement of living quality, there is also a high demand for the quality of tea, and picking tea is a very important step in improving the quality of tea. In order to solve the problem of hand-picking tea time, the tea-picking machinery is difficult to enter the tea plantation due to the special planting of the tea plantation, and the shortage of rural labor force is alleviated and the economic benefits of the tea are guaranteed. In recent decades, many research and development have been carried out on the tea-producing machinery. In the 1950s, some people made reference to Japan#39;s tea-picking scissors for testing and used large scissors to pick tea. The quality was poor and could not be applied. From the late 1950s to the early 1960s, we started the research on tea-picking machines and put forward three types of models: oversized, middle-sized and small-sized. Both of them are catching up with Japan and the Soviet Union on the working principle and design. After the intermittent, delayed the time. The late seventies, on the introduction and manufacture of small and medium-sized reciprocating cutting tea-picking machine, do some related supporting work, has recently established two joint-venture tea plant and several tea plants set up by the country, machine mining The work of promoting the new look of tea production has been put on the agenda.

On the basis of consulting a large number of related documents, previous studies and relevant national design standards, the design scheme and design basis of the whole machine were confirmed. Secondly, the motion analysis of the designed tea-picking machine was carried out, Motion equation, knife speed ratio and other important parameters, and then pick tea machine vibration analysis and cutting machine steady-state response, reciprocating cutter for the existence of a large inertial force launched a series of damping measures to effectively guarantee The tea picking machine in the work of the picking effect, extending the life of the cutter.

1研究意义与目的