泽泻原萜烷型三萜合成途径及转录学研究摘要:泽泻的主要药效成分为原萜烷型四环三萜类,该类成分具有明显的抗高血脂、降血压、抗HIV1等作用,尤其抗癌活性显著,预示着其广阔的应用前景,但其资源分布窄,含量低,仅存在泽泻属等少数植物类群中,不能满足利用需求。
而用外源添加物处理植物是常用且有效的方法,转录组学是研究在特定条件下细胞全部转录本的学科。
其能够全面检测分析基因表达与调控规律,尤其适合于以多成分、多靶点为特点的中药学研究。
本文将对泽泻和转录组学的研究进展做一个综述。
关键词:泽泻;转录组学;研究进展Abstract: The main medicinal components of Alisma orientalis are tetraterpenoid triterpenoids, which have obvious anti-hyperlipidemia, antihypertensive, and anti-HIV1 effects, especially anti-cancer activity, indicating its broad application. Prospects, but its resource distribution is narrow, the content is low, there are only a few plant groups such as Alisma, can not meet the demand for use. Treatment of plants with exogenous additives is a common and effective method. Transcriptomics is the study of all transcripts of cells under specific conditions. It can comprehensively detect and analyze gene expression and regulation rules, and is especially suitable for the research of Chinese pharmacy characterized by multi-components and multi-targets. This article will provide an overview of the research progress of Alisma orientalis and transcriptomics.Key words: Alisma; transcriptomics; research progress 1.泽泻研究进展泽泻(Rhizoma Alismatis)为泽泻科植物东方泽泻Alismaorientale(Sam.)Juzep.的干燥块茎,首载于《神农本草经》,列为上品,具有利水渗湿、泄热、化浊降脂等功效,主治小便不利、热淋涩痛、水肿胀满、淋症、泄泻尿少、痰饮眩晕等症[1-3]。
原萜烷型(Protostane)四环三萜类为其主要药效成分,近年来国内外的研究发现,该类成分具有明显的抗高血脂、降血压、抗HIV1等作用,尤其抗癌活性显著,预示着其广阔的应用前景。
1.1化学成分研究泽泻含有萜类、甾醇、甾醇苷、生物碱、黄酮、氨基酸、多糖、挥发油、脂肪酸混合物、树脂、蛋白质、淀粉、无机元素等化合物。
萜类成分以三萜类为主,还含有倍半萜及二萜类[4-8]。
倍半萜类:主含愈创木烷型倍半萜,其次为吉玛烷型、桉叶烷型以及Oplopanane型等。
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