巨噬细胞研究进展摘要 糖尿病肾病（Diabetic Nephropathy，DN）是多种因素综合作用的结果，其与肾组织炎性反应，尤其是巨噬细胞的活化密切相关。
巨噬细胞在固有免疫和适应性免疫反应中具有重要的作用，它可将加工后的抗原提呈给相应的T细胞，活化后的T细胞通过细胞膜上的分子或分泌的细胞介素进一步活化巨噬细胞。
此时的巨噬细胞吞噬杀伤能力大大加强，并释放各种活性物质，因此巨噬细胞是主要的炎性反应调节细胞。
巨噬细胞可分为经典活化和选择性活化的巨噬细胞，其在炎性反应过程中分泌不同的细胞因子、趋化因子等，然后间接或直接地参与各种炎症性疾病的反应过程。
关键词 巨噬细胞 糖尿病肾病 经典激活的巨噬细胞 替代激活的巨噬细胞 Abstract Diabetic Nephropathy (Diabetic Nephropathy, DN) is the result of comprehensive shaping of many factors, its and kidney tissues inflammatory reaction, especially of macrophage activation are closely related. Macrophages play an important role in innate and adaptive immune responses. They can present the processed antigens to the corresponding T cells, and the activated T cells can further activate macrophages through the molecules on the cell membrane or the cytokines secreted by them. At this time, the phagocytic killing ability of macrophages is greatly enhanced and a variety of active substances are released. Therefore, macrophages are the major regulatory cells for inflammatory response. Macrophages can be classified into classical activated macrophages and selective activated macrophages, which secrete different cytokines and chemokines during the inflammatory reaction, and then indirectly or directly participate in the reaction process of various inflammatory diseases.Key words MacrophagesDiabetic NephropathyClassic activation of macrophagesInstead of activated macrophages 巨噬细胞先由骨髓中的髓样祖细胞分化为单核细胞，进而在炎性反应、创伤等环境下，由单核细胞迁移浸润到组织间质中分化而来。
巨噬细胞在维持组织稳态、重塑组织、清除细胞碎片、调节免疫反应等方面发挥重要作用。
在急性和慢性肾脏疾病的发生发展过程中，根据其活化的类型和状态，单核/巨噬细胞既有致病作用，也有保护作用。
在肾脏疾病中，经典活化型巨噬细胞(classically activated maemphages)主要发挥促炎、促纤维化作用；替代活化型巨噬细胞(alternatively activated maerophages)主要发挥抗炎、促进损伤组织修复重建作用。
近年来，越来越多的科研团队聚焦替代活化型巨噬细胞，希望将其促进损伤组织的修复作用应用于临床。
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